If a scheduled action is configured to end after a certain number of repetitions, that number is decremented each time the action is run. Even if the action fails due to an internal error or some external reason (e.g., database server is down), the number is decremented. However, running the action via the Run Now button does not decrement the number of repetitions remaining.
If an action is scheduled to run at a certain time interval, but then is deactivated, and is not re-activated until after that next scheduled run time, the action will run immediately. It will then revert to its regularly scheduled time interval.